绿色星球双语台词对白剧本

The biggest living thing

说起地球上最高大的生物

主持人

that exists on this planet is a plant...

我们一定会想到植物

like this giant sequoia tree in California.

例如这棵位于加利福尼亚州的巨型红杉

Plants, whether they are enormous, like this one,

植物无论是巨型红杉这样的参天大树

or microscopic, are the basis of all life,

还是个体十分微小的植物都为包括人类在内的所有生命

including ourselves.

提供了生存基础

We depend upon them for every mouthful of food that we eat

我们所需的每口食物

and every lung full of air that we breathe.

呼吸到的每口空气都离不开植物

Plants flourish in remarkable ways,

地球上的植物种类多繁多、形式多样

yet, for the most part,

然而在它们的世界里

the secrets of their world have been hidden from us...

绝大多数的秘密依然很少为人所知

..until now.

现在让我们来一探究竟

Now we have new ground-breaking technology that enables us

如今我们利用前沿技术

to enter their extraordinary world

得以进入这一鲜为人知的奇妙世界

and see their lives from their perspective.

以植物自身的视角体验它们的生活

This series will reveal the extraordinary

这部系列片将为我们揭示

and dramatic ways in which plants behave...

众多植物非凡的行为

..and we will explore the challenges demanded by

我们还将探索在截然不同的生存环境

the very different landscapes in which they live.

向它们提出的严峻挑战

The tropics.

热带雨林

The richest and most competitive place

这里是地球上生物物种最为丰富

in which to survive.

同时竞争也最为激烈的地区

The bizarre water world...

奇异的水世界

..where giants fight ferocious battles,

巨型植物激烈对战

and plants eat animals alive.

植物绝杀动物

Deserts...

荒漠世界

Agh!

啊

A world of extremes.

以及超乎想象的极端环境以及超乎想象的极端环境

Seasonal lands...

在季节性变化明显的地区

..where survival depends on precision timing.

生存取决于精准的时机把握生存取决于精准的时机把握

And everywhere, we will explore the critical

每一集节目中我们都将关注

and intimate relationships between plants and animals,

植物与动物乃至与我们人类之间

including ourselves.

重要而密切的关系

Join me in a world that takes you by surprise...

让我们一起步入这个奇妙迷人的绿色世界

..and see our planet as never before...

以植物的视角另辟蹊径

..from the plants' perspective.

重新审视我们的地球

This is The Green Planet.

欢迎收看《绿色星球》

绿色星球

雨林天地

I'm in Costa Rica, in the heart of a rainforest,

我来到了位于哥斯达黎加的热带雨林深处

the richest and most dynamic environment on Earth.

这里的生物物种极为丰富充满生命活力

Rainforests only cover a very small proportion

尽管雨林只占地球表面的

of the Earth's surface,

很小一部分

yet they contain over half of all known

但生活在这里的动植物

species of animals and plants.

占地球所有已知物种的一半以上

Up here, the forest's canopy is bathed by life-giving sunlight.

位于高处的繁茂林冠沐浴在赋予万物生机的阳光之下

The branches of the great trees

大树的枝干

carry rich, flourishing sky gardens...

构建了一座座多姿多彩的“空中花园”

..home to countless different kinds of beautiful plants.

令人赏心悦目的植物不计其数

Each species has evolved its own exquisite solution

每一个物种都演化出了

to the challenges of survival.

独特巧妙的生存策略

This forest world may look peaceful,

这片森林看似安静祥和

timeless and unchanging,

亘古不变

but that is far from the truth.

但事实远非如此

This is a battlefield.

这里就是战场

Throughout this forest, plants are competing ferociously

在这片森林中植物为了争夺光照

with one another to claim the light.

彼此间展开了激烈的竞争

The battle is at its fiercest on the forest floor...

这场战斗在森林的地表处最为激烈

..where only 2% of the sunlight filters through.

只有2%的阳光可以照射到地表

Plants here have to bide their time.

植物想在这里生长就需要等待时机

Their opportunity comes when an old tree dies.

当一棵老树死去时它们的机会就出现了

When that happens, sunlight floods the forest floor

老树倒下后阳光就可以倾泻到地面

for the first time in perhaps 100 years.

这大概是百年一遇的良机

The seedling's wait is over.

幼苗的等待终于结束了

It must now race skywards

它现在必须全力冲向天空

and claim a place in the canopy.

在林冠层占据一席之地

But it's not alone.

但它无法独享这一刻

Rivals are everywhere,

竞争对手无处不在

each with its own survival strategy.

每株幼苗都有自己的生存策略

Some plants, like this monstera,

像这棵龟背竹属植物

stretch out divided leaves to collect what light they can.

它极力伸展开裂的叶片尽可能地吸收阳光

This vine is groping blindly around with its tendrils.

近旁的藤蔓挥动卷须盲目地在空中探索

It attempts to reach the light by hitching a ride.

想搭个顺风车得到更多的光照

Its tendrils are highly sensitive to touch.

它的卷须具备十分敏锐的触觉

And a suitable target is in range.

咫尺之遥的龟背竹属植物成为了目标

Got it!

锁定

The vine tightens its grip

在卷须缠牢之后

and begins to haul itself upwards.

藤蔓开始向上攀爬

But it's now overtaken

不过它被森林中

by the forest's fastest-growing tree.

一种生长最快的树木轻松赶超

A young balsa.

这是一棵年幼的轻木

Its giant leaves are already 40cm across

它巨大的叶片长到了 40厘米宽

and are stealing the light from its rivals below.

足以夺走下方植物的光线

But the balsa's battle is not yet won.

但轻木要谈胜利还为时尚早

Other, different vines are lying in wait.

还有一种藤蔓在伺机行动

Each is armed with dozens of claw-like hooks.

这种藤蔓的卷须附有，十多个小爪般的倒钩

If just one hook gets a grip,

只要任何一个倒钩命中目标

the vine will be able to smother its victim.

藤蔓就最展开死命缠绞

But the balsa is defended by a shield of slippery hairs.

然而轻木的叶片上长满了柔滑的绒毛如同盾牌一般

The vine's hooks just can't get a hold.

藤蔓的倒钩难以抓牢

The balsa brushes them aside...

轻木扫落纠缠者

..and continues to rush skywards...

继续冲向天空

..leaving the losers in its shadow

它的那些手下败将只能在阴影中

to fight among themselves.

继续厮杀

This balsa has won its battle for the light.

这棵轻木终于在这场阳光之战中胜出

And it's done so in a little over a year.

这番战斗只用了一年多的时间

Most trees would have grown an inch or so in that time,

一年时间大多数树木只能长三厘米

but this one is already 30 feet - 10 metres - tall.

但这棵轻木已经长到10米左右了

Balsas owe their success

轻木之所以能脱颖而出

to the special character of their wood.

是因为其特殊的木质

If this section of tree trunk came from a hardwood tree,

如果这段树干来自于硬木树种

it would be really quite heavy.

那么它就会非常重

But as it is, it's from balsa,

但实际上它来自于轻木

and it's really very light,

你看它的质量很轻

and that's because of its internal structure.

其奥秘就在于轻木的内部结构

Under the microscope, balsawood looks like a honeycomb.

在显微镜下轻木木材的横截面就像一个蜂巢

It contains more air than wood,

它的内部有很多孔隙

so, not only can it grow very fast,

因此它能生长得飞快

but it gets the maximum height for minimum weight.

以较轻的质量达到多数植物无法企及的高度

But fast growth needs something else.

但要实现快速生长植物离不开外界的支持

Fuel... ..and lots of it.

它们需要养料大量的养料

That fuel is created in a plant's leaves,

植物的叶片在吸收阳光之后

as they soak up the sun.

才会产生另一种养料

It's a process called photosynthesis...

而产生养料的过程就是我们常说的光合作用

..a chemical reaction that is the basis of all life on Earth.

这种化学反应是地球上所有生命的基础

Leaves are covered by thousands of microscopic pores

叶片上有着成千上万的小孔

called stomata.

它们被称为气孔

When open, they extract carbon dioxide from the air,

气孔打开时就会从空气中吸收二氧化碳

and, using energy from the sun,

并利用太阳的能量

combine it with nutrients to build the plant's tissues.

将其与营养物质结合构成植物的组织

And critically for us, the process releases the oxygen

而对我们至关重要的是光合作用会释放出

that we and all animals need in order to breathe.

人类及其它动物呼吸时所需的氧气

But for plants, there is a downside.

但对植物来说它们也处于被动之处

These precious, energy-packed leaves attract predators...

这些富含能量的宝贵茎叶会引来天敌

..in every shape...

它们形形色色

..size...

大小不同

..and agility.

行为各异

A sloth can only move slowly,

树懒的移动速度非常缓慢

but you don't need speed to gather leaves,

它的食谱很单一

and it eats nothing else.

采集树叶的工作没必要过于匆忙

The plants here are under constant attack

这里的植物

from all kinds of leaf-eaters,

不断遭受各种食叶天敌的侵扰

but the most voracious by far is hardly ever seen.

但其中最贪婪的却很难被人们发现

It consumes 50,000 leaves every day.

它每天吞噬的叶子多达50000片左右

It's created this great clearing in the forest...

甚至能在林间开辟出这样一大片空地

..and it lives just beneath my feet.

而它就生活在我的脚下

It's called leucoagaricus.

它是一种叫白环菇属的真菌

It's neither animal nor plant.

既不是动物也不是植物

It's a fungus.

而是一种真菌

It lives five metres underground,

它生活在地下大约5米深的地方

far from the leaves that it devours.

距离它所要吞噬的叶子很远

To get them,

为了得到叶子

it employs the best leaf-gatherers in the tropics.

它雇用了热带地区最好的采叶工人

Leafcutter ants.

切叶蚁

Millions of them provide the fungus with its food,

数以百万的切叶蚁为真菌提供食物

and in return, the fungus cultivates tiny mushrooms as food for the ants.

作为回报真菌也会生长出微小的蘑菇喂养切叶蚁

The fungus releases chemical signals

真菌释放出化学信号

that tell the worker ants what type of leaf it wants to eat.

告诉工蚁们它想“吃”什么种类的叶子

Scouts are sent out with the latest orders.

负责侦察的工蚁带着最新下达的命令出发了

Worker ants will travel hundreds of metres

工蚁行进成百上千米

to find the right kind.

前往寻找符合要求的叶子

Today's crop is being taken from a young bixa tree.

今天它们采摘的对象就是这棵年轻的红木属植物

Just a few years old and still battling to reach the canopy,

它只有几年的树龄正在力图跻身高处

it can ill afford to lose any of its leaves.

任何一片叶子对它都很重要

Between them, the ants can demolish a large leaf

切叶蚁只需短短几分钟

in a matter of minutes.

就能分解一大片叶子

The sound of cutting attracts more ants.

切割叶片的声音引来了更多的同伴

Now the pieces are carried back to the underground fungus.

现在碎叶片将被送往地下真菌的所在处

The ants can run at speeds of two metres a minute.

切叶蚁的行进速度可以达到每分钟两米左右

And each can carry a load ten times its own weight.

每只切叶蚁能承担十倍于自身重量的负荷

It's a river of leaves across the jungle floor...

在丛林的地面上运输队伍仿佛溪流一般

..part of a vast network that extends for miles through the forest.

它们形成了深入森林数公里的采叶网络

To avoid congestion,

为了避开路障防止拥堵

worker ants dig trenches around obstacles.

工蚁还会自挖通道

Thousands of pieces are delivered every hour

每小时会有数以千计的叶片

to the waiting fungus.

被送往等待大块朵颐的真菌那里

Fed by such a continuous supply,

有了叶片的持续供应

the fungus grows rapidly,

真菌迅速生长

filling the chambers in which it lives...

挤满了它所生活的巢室

..so, the ants excavate more space.

于是切叶蚁不断地为它们开掘空间

It seems that the fungus has the upper hand...

看来真菌占据了上风

..and the bixa tree will not survive.

而红木奄奄一息

But it fights back...

但此时红木发起了反击

..using chemical warfare.

它使用了一种化学武器

The bixa tree floods its leaves with toxins

红木的叶子里产生了一种毒素

that could kill the distant fungus.

可以杀死地下的真菌

As the ants carry the fragments back, they are themselves

当切叶蚁把切碎的叶片运到地下的时候

poisoning the fungus on the tree's behalf.

就是替红木给真菌下了毒

It's a long-distance attack.

这是一次远程攻击

As the poison takes effect, the ants sense

在毒素的作用下

that their fungus is weakening...

切叶蚁发现真菌开始变得衰弱

..and they respond to its signals

真菌及时发出信号

by changing to another source of leaves.

要求切叶蚁更换树叶来源

So, the plant's chemical response

受害植物的化学手段迫使切叶蚁

forces the ants to constantly switch from tree to tree.

不断地从一棵树转移到另一棵树

Strike and counterstrike.

一方攻击对方便会展开反击

And that ensures that enough leaves remain uneaten

这样就能保证每棵植物

for each tree to recover.

留有足够的叶子恢复生长

Once a plant becomes adult,

一旦植物成年

it can switch its energies

它们的能量将主要用于繁殖

from growth to reproduction.

而不再是生长

The tropical forests of the Americas stretch from Mexico

美洲的热带雨林从墨西哥

to the southern reaches of the Amazon.

一直延伸至亚马孙河的南部流域

They contain more than 100,000 different species of plants,

这里生长着超过10万种形态各异的植物

each with its own particular survival strategy.

每一种都拥有十分独到的生存策略

One species that has adopted a grow-fast lifestyle

有一种植物的生长速度极快

flourishes throughout this vast region.

它在这片广袤的地区随处可见

The balsa.

这就是轻木

But it has to pay a high price for doing so.

但轻木为此付出了高昂的代价

The lightweight wood that enables it

它的树干质地较轻

to grow at such speed is not strong

虽然能够快速生长

and is easily broken.

却不坚固很容易被折断

Few balsas live longer than 20 years.

因此轻木的树龄很难超过20年

This one is approaching the end of its brief life,

这棵轻木短暂的一生行将结束

so, the time has come for it to reproduce.

现在它必须抓紧时间完成繁殖

It has used a huge amount of energy to produce

轻木不惜耗费大量能量

some of the most extravagant flowers in the forest,

绽放出森林中最为绚丽的花朵

in immense numbers.

而且多得难以计数

Each is the size of a human hand.

每朵花的大小与人的手掌相仿

As night falls,

夜幕降临

the tree prepares an enticing treat.

轻木备好了一场美味的盛宴

This is a kinkajou,

这是只蜜熊

a kind of fruit-eating racoon.

这类浣熊主要以果实为生

Each flower is filled with huge quantities

轻木的花朵里

of exceptionally rich nectar,

满是香浓可口的花蜜

supercharged with sugar.

其中含有大量的糖分

Irresistible!

真是难以抗拒的美味

The kinkajous drink so greedily

蜜熊贪婪地取食花蜜

that they get pollen all over their faces.

花粉沾得它们满脸都是

So, as they move from tree to tree,

沾有花粉的蜜熊

they carry pollen with them.

就这样从一棵轻木移动到另一棵

But the balsa leaves little to chance.

不过轻木必须做到万无一失

The nectar might appear to have run out,

花蜜似乎所剩无几了

but this is just the first round.

但这只是盛宴的第一轮而已

Now the balsa refills its flowers,

现在轻木的花朵里再次注满了花蜜

enticing the kinkajous back to repeat the process...

引诱蜜熊再次光顾

..seven times a night.

这样的过程一夜会重复7次

Pollination is complete.

传粉就这样完成了

And the kinkajous - they also get well served,

至于蜜熊这样的宴席令它们心满意足

with over 100 pints of nectar in just a few weeks.

短短几周内就能享受到超过50升花蜜

Both plant and animal do well out of this arrangement.

这样的生存策略使得动植物双方互利共赢

But in the tropical world, that isn't always so.

但在热带世界里情况并非总是如此

Borneo.

这里是加里曼丹岛

Here, on the slopes of Mount Kinabalu,

在京那巴鲁山上有这样一种植物

live plants that eat animals

叶子宛如水瓶里面盛满了液体

using pitcher-shaped leaves full of water.

伺机捕食动物

Insects are attracted by the expectation of nectar,

那些被蜜糖吸引而来的昆虫

but tumble into the pitcher,

往往有来无回

where they are drowned and absorbed.

落入瓶中难逃被淹死并分解消化的厄运

On the lower slopes of the mountain,

在山坡低处

a plant grows that has no leaves at all.

生长着一种根本没有叶子的植物

Or even a stem.

它甚至连茎都没有

All that can be seen is this -

我们能看到的只有这个

a bud.

它的花苞

It is a parasite.

这是一种寄生植物

The rest of its body lies within the tissues of a liana,

它身体的其余部分侵入了一种藤本植物的组织中

on which it feeds.

以此获取养分

After about five years,

大约5年后花苞终于绽放

the bud finally opens into a monstrous flower.

变成可怕的巨型花朵

It now has only a day or so in which to be pollinated

它只有一天左右的时间完成授粉

before it starts to wither.

之后就会逐渐枯萎

Its petals are the colour of blood.

它的花瓣呈现出血红色

Their surface is tough and warty.

表面质地坚硬凹凸不平

It appears to have fur.

这朵花似乎长有绒毛

Even whiskers and teeth.

甚至还有胡须和牙齿

At first sight, it might be mistaken for a dead animal.

乍看之下它可能会被误认为是一具动物的尸体

This is rafflesia, the corpse flower.

它就是凯氏大王花又被称为腐尸花

A metre across, it's the world's biggest flower.

凯氏大王花的直径能达到一米是世界上最大的花

And this one is a male.

这是一朵雄花

From its centre comes the pungent odour of death.

花朵中央散发着一股刺鼻的腐臭气味

It's a scent that might not appeal to every animal.

不是所有动物都能接受这种气味

But it's very attractive to carrion flies.

但臭味会让丽蝇趋之若鹫

They lay their eggs on rotting flesh.

它们通常喜欢在腐肉上产卵

The scent lures the fly deep into the flower

这股恶臭引诱丽蝇步步深入

in search of meat.

寻找腐肉

The fly finds nothing.

这只丽蝇一无所获

The rafflesia, however, has the fly exactly where it wants it.

然而凯氏大王花却将它引到了自己期望的位置

It's stuck pollen to the fly's back.

花粉粘到了丽蝇的背上

If this male rafflesia's strategy is to work,

这朵雄花若想成功授粉

the fly carrying its pollen must now visit

携带花粉的丽蝇

a female corpse flower...

现在必须造访一朵雌花

..such as this one.

比如说这一朵

Success!

成功了

Once pollinated, plants are able to produce seeds,

一旦顺利受粉植物就能结出种子

the next generation,

也就是下一代

but once again, there are animals all over the forest

不过森林里同样生活着一群

that are eager to make a meal of them.

以种子为食的动物

The Malay Archipelago,

这里是马来群岛

a vast tropical world of 1,000 islands.

数不胜数的岛屿组成了一个广阔的热带世界

It's home to giants -

参天大树随处可见

the tallest trees in the tropics,

这里拥有热带地区最高的树木

many of which live for centuries.

其中很多存活了成百上千年

They produce seeds in enormous numbers,

这些树木能够产生大量的种子

but only do so when the time is right.

但它们必须等待合适的时机

This individual hasn't produced a single seed for nearly a decade,

这棵大树此前十年里没有结出一颗种子

but in the last weeks, it has become festooned

但在最近几周里它的枝头上硕果累累

with more than 10,000 of them.

结出了上万颗种子

Each seed has the potential to produce a giant,

每颗种子都有可能像父辈那样

like its parent.

成长为参天大树

But success will depend...

但成功与否依然取决于

..on timing.

时机

Seed-hunters are gathering.

一些喜食种子的动物聚了过来

Bearded pigs.

例如这只婆罗洲须猪

But these seeds have been produced by a dipterocarp...

但这些种子来自于一棵龙脑香科植物

trees that create the tropical world's largest seed nursery.

这类植物堪称热带世界最大的种子圃

After years of waiting,

经过多年的等待

thousands upon thousands of individual dipterocarps

成千上万棵龙脑香科植物

have synchronised to produce the next generation,

结出的下一代种子

all at exactly the same time.

在几乎完全相同的时间成熟了

And now these seeds will face the dangers below together.

现在所有这些种子将共同面对树下暗藏的危机

By releasing billions of seeds all at the same time,

数以亿计的种子同时从树上落下

they swamp the pigs and any other animals

令婆罗洲须猪和其它动物应接不暇

with more than they could possibly eat.

它们根本吃不过来

And that buys time for some of the seeds to take root and sprout.

这为一些种子赢得了生根发芽的时间

The tree's strategy has worked.

龙脑香科植物的繁殖策略成功了

But a seedling will have to overcome many more dangers

但是如果这株树苗想要成长为参天大树

over the years if it, too, is to become a giant.

就必须在今后的若干年里设法克服各种各样的困难

And there are many ways in a tropical forest

热带森林中存在诸多不利因素

by which a tree's life can be ended

它们都有可能导致一棵树

before it reaches its prime.

在进入壮年之前就宣告生命的结束

The northernmost tip of Australia.

这里是澳大利亚的最北端

This is the world's most ancient rainforest.

这里有一片世界上最古老的雨林

Battles between animals and plants

动植物之间的斗争

have raged here for 180 million years.

在这里已经持续了大约1.8亿年

So, the plants have had time to develop effective defences.

因此植物们有充足的时间演化出有效的防御措施

This is a poison arrow tree,

这是一棵见血封喉

one of the tropical world's most heavily defended plants.

它是一种具备强大防御能力的热带植物

Its trunk is tall and slippery

它的树干很高表面光滑

and exudes a poisonous sap.

能分泌出有毒的汁液

It appears to be almost invulnerable.

见血封喉看似无懈可击

But even so,

但即便如此

just as this individual reaches maturity,

在步入成年之前

its life has become endangered.

见血封喉的生命同样会岌岌可危

Each monsoon season,

每到季风时节

it is invaded from above.

见血封喉的树冠都会遭到入侵

It attracts hundreds of shining starlings.

数百只燕八哥鸟纷纷到来

Its immense smooth trunk makes its high branches above

巨大而光滑的树干

a safe place to nest,

让树冠处的枝条成为安全的筑巢处

but over the years,

但多年来

this has created a major problem for the tree.

这给树木自身带来了巨大的隐患

After feeding, the starlings return to the nest

燕八哥鸟饱餐一顿后

to digest their food,

会回到巢中消化食物

with inevitable consequences.

随后的事情可想而知

Every year,they produce almost a quarter of a ton of droppings.

它们一年能排出近250公斤的粪便

The toxic chemicals they contain

鸟粪里含有的化学毒素

create a dead zone that completely surrounds the tree.

导致见血封喉的四面八方寸草不生

The toxins are absorbed by its roots

地面的毒素渗透到它自己的根部

and travel up through the trunk and into every leaf.

并沿着树干输送到每一片叶子

Branch by branch,

一根根枝干枯萎折断

the tree is slowly dying.

这棵见血封喉一步步走向死亡

It has become a victim of its own success.

聪明反被聪明误

It has been poisoned.

它自己就这样被毒死了

Now a new battle begins...

现在一场新的战斗打响了

..one to claim the tree's dead body

这棵死去的大树

and the vast amount of nutrients that it contains.

及其富含的营养物质成为争夺的目标

It's a battle that is fought throughout the natural world...

在自然世界中类似的战斗随处可见

..involving a group of organisms that we rarely notice.

只不过故事的主角很少会引起我们的注意

Here, on the floor of a tropical rainforest,

在热带雨林的地表

it's dark, it's humid and it's hot -

环境阴暗潮湿也很炎热

ideal conditions for fungi.

这正是真菌的理想生长条件

We normally think of fungi as things like this.

我们通常认为真菌是类似这样的

Mushrooms of one kind or another.

各种各样的蘑菇

But these are just the fruiting bodies.

但它们其实是真菌的子实体

They exist for most of the time

真菌大多藏在落叶和泥土中

hidden in the leaf litter and the earth

若隐若现的白丝

as a network of fine white threads.

形成了纵横交错的网络

The threads of competing fungi envelop their victim's body,

这群彼此竞争的真菌纷纷用菌丝裹住死树

releasing enzymes which digest the tree's tissues

分泌出消化树木组织的酶

and unlock the nutrients within.

分解树木的营养物质

There a million or so different species of fungi

在热带地区

in the tropics.

大约有100万种各不相同的真菌

Some feed on dead plants.

有些真菌以枯枝烂叶为食

Others eat them alive.

有些真菌专门吞噬鲜活的植物

And some reveal their existence in an eerily beautiful way.

还有些真菌会以既神秘又美丽的方式展示自己的存在

In Africa, in the Congo,

在非洲国家刚果

this is known as chimpanzee fire.

这种现象被称为“黑猩猩之火”

The mysterious bioluminescent glow

随着树干不断地被真菌消化

becomes brighter as the fungus digests the tree.

这种神秘的生物发光现象越来越显著

When fungi have fed sufficiently,

真菌充分进食后

they develop their reproductive organs.

就会生长出用于繁殖的

Each can produce literally billions of spores...

每个子实体能产生数十亿的孢子

..the tiny particles

每一个微小的颗粒

that carry the species' genetic blueprint.

都携带着真菌的遗传蓝图

Each spore like this

任何一个这样的孢子

has the potential to kill a tree.

都可能杀死一棵树

The spores are so light

这些孢子质量很轻

they can be carried by the slightest air currents.

能够被极其微弱的气流卷走

At least a billion

在每平方米的雨林中

float above every square metre of rainforest.

空气中至少飘浮着10亿个胞子

Recently, it has been discovered that these spores

最近研究者发现这些孢子的作用

do far more than just bring death and decay.

不只是推动死亡与腐烂

They are, in fact, at the very centre

实际上它们在雨林生态系统中

of the rainforest's life support system.

发挥着核心作用

High in the humid air,

在雨林上空的潮湿空气中

the spores combine with molecules of water.

孢子与水分子结合

Gradually, they collect into droplets,

渐渐地它们聚集结为水滴

which, when they are heavy enough, fall...

达到一定重量后纷纷落下

..as rain.

形成雨水

Over two-and-a-half metres of rain falls every year

每年雨林中的降水量

in a rainforest.

能超过2500毫米

And in the centre of almost every raindrop,

几乎每滴雨水中

there is a fungal spore.

都含有至少一个真菌孢子

The world's rainforests are the richest

世界各地的雨林

and most dynamic environments on Earth,

是地球上最为多彩最具活力的生态环境

built on complex connections and relationships.

它的存在得益于自然界中各种复杂的关联

But these connections,

但这些联系

competitive or collaborative,

无论是竞争关系还是协作关系

are now becoming increasingly fragile.

如今都已变得越来越脆弱

When Charles Darwin was exploring the tropical world

大约200年前

nearly 200 years ago,

查尔斯・达尔文探索热带世界时

he wrote this in his diary.

在自己的日记中这样写道

"Among the scenes which are deeply impressed on my mind,

“领略过自然世界的万千美景后在我脑海里留下最深印象的

"none exceed in sublimity

依然莫过于

"the primeval forests undefaced by the hand of man."

人类之手未曾玷污过的原始森林”

He would struggle to find such a place today.

而在今天他很难找到这样的地方了

Today, 70% of all the world's rainforest plants

今天70%的热带雨林植物

grow within a mile of a road or a clearing

就生长在距离公路或人为开辟的林间空地

that we have cut into the forest...

不超过两公里的地方

..and this is creating new battlefields in the tropical world.

热带世界中因此形成了新的战场

Alien armies of identical cultivated plants

由同种栽培作物组成的外来植物大军

now stand where thousands of different species once grew.

现在占据了原本成千上万种植物竞相生长的地方

We have planted vast regiments of crops

人类种植了大批的农作物

in order to provide ourselves with food and other commodities...

以便为自己提供食物和各类商品

..and the ancient forest has been reduced

原始森林的面积越来越小

to ever fewer isolated fragments.

而且彼此割裂

All, however, is not lost.

不过一切尚未山穷水尽

The fragments can still be sanctuaries,

小片的森林仍然可以提供庇护

keeping alive the intimate relationships within them.

维持内部生态的紧密联系

Their size is nonetheless critical.

当然森林的规模依然极为关键

This is the seven-hour flower.

这是灯蝠花

This plant produces its flowers at night.

这种植物在夜间开花

They open about six o'clock,

花朵在下午6点钟左右绽放

and each blossom only lasts that night.

每一朵花只能持续一个晚上

It opens for about seven hours and then it dies.

开放大约7个小时后花朵就会凋谢

But during that time, it provides food

但在开花的这段时间里

for one particular animal.

一种特殊的动物会前来觅食

A bat.

科式长舌蝠

And here it is!

它来了

During the seven-hour flower's flowering season...

在灯蝠花的花期

..Underwood's bat feeds almost exclusively on its nectar.

科式长舌蝠几乎只以它的花蜜为食

It is the plant's primary pollinator.

它是灯蝠花的主要传粉者

It might seem that this is a fairly evenly balanced relationship,

在这种关系中双方似乎是平等的

but not so.

但实际上并非如此

The bat likes this nectar because it's sweet,

科式长舌蝠喜欢这种花蜜因为它很可口

but it's not very nourishing.

但它的营养价值并不高

So the bat must visit hundreds of flowers a night...

这只科式长舌蝠每晚需要造访数百朵灯蝠花

..and it pollinates them as if feeds.

它在进食的同时可以完成传粉工作

But if a patch of forest becomes too small,

但是如果森林的面积骤减

with too few flowers,

花朵数量太少

the bats will disappear,

科式长舌蝠也将不见踪影

and without the bats, the flowers can't reproduce

而没有了它们灯蝠花就无法繁殖

and will soon die out.

很快就会绝迹

The partnership is broken.

它们的合作关系就此终结

Life in the forest depends on countless close relationships,

森林里生物的生存依赖于无数紧密的生态关系

but they are increasingly under threat

但随着森林变得支离破碎

as forests become more fragmented.

这些关系也岌岌可危

The solution, of course,

解决办法自然是

is to join these remaining fragments together again.

将零星分布的森林再次连接成一片

30 years ago, I came to this exact spot.

30年前我刚好来过这个地方

This land belonged to a scientific research establishment

这片土地原本属于一家科研机构

and it was covered with grass being grazed by cattle.

大群的牲畜就在这里的草场上吃草

The scientists got rid of the cattle

后来科学家们将牲畜迁往别处

and allowed nature to take its course.

让一切回归自然

Just look at it now!

你可以看到现在的模样

This new forest has become a bridge that connects several fragments,

这片全新的森林连接了多处分散的林地

allowing plants and animals to both renew old connections

动植物之间得以恢复往来

and create fresh ones.

建立新的联系

Of course, we urgently need to protect

当然我们依然迫切需要保护

what healthy forests still remain.

那些尚存的健康森林

But looking forward,

展望未来

we must take what may well be our last chance

我们还必须抓住所剩无几的机会

to re-establish the lost rainforest...

还原那些消失的雨林

..and help the tropical world to heal itself.

并且帮助热带世界完成自我修复

It will take the co-operation of nations around the world,

世界各国必须为此通力合作

but it is the only way in which we'll be able to

若想为子孙后代

preserve the treasures of the tropical rainforest

保留热带雨林这一自然宝藏

for future generations.

我们除此之外别无他法

And with it,

只有这样

ultimately protect all life on this,

我们才能守护整个绿色星球上的

our green planet.

所有生命

绿色星球

The aim of The Green Planet team was to take the viewer

《绿色星球》摄制团队的目标是

into the world of plants, so that it could be seen

带领观众进入植物的世界

from the plants' perspective

从而以植物的视角进行观察

in a way that had not been possible till now.

这在以往是无法实现的

That meant developing an entirely new camera system.

为此一套全新的拍摄系统应运而生

And this is the game-changer -

这就是带来革新的拍摄设备

a specially designed robot camera

一台特别打造的摄影机器人

that we affectionately call "the Triffid".

我们亲切地称它“三脚树”

The Triffid started life in the garage of an American

三脚树是在美国前军事工程师

ex-military engineer, Chris Field.

克里斯•菲尔德的车库里诞生的

I'd seen quite a few of these

我看过《地球脉动》等

Planet Earth style documentaries,

不少宏大的纪录片

and they always absolutely blew my mind,

它们让我大开眼界

especially the botanic time-lapse really spoke to me.

尤其是那些针对植物的延时摄影画面

In his spare time, Chris spent a decade

十年来克里斯结合运动控制技术

building elaborate motion-controlled

利用业余时间打造了一台

time-lapse camera rigs

精确的延时摄影稳定器

and teaching himself how to film plants.

并自学植物拍摄

Plants often behave like animals in so many ways,

植物在很多方面的行为都类似于动物

and being able to see it through time-lapse is one thing

延时摄影能够通过对播放速度的调节

but using the motion-control brings you into that timescale.

清晰地展现出植物的整体行为

We could really see the potential

我们可以看出

in how we could use this sort of movement

运动控制技术在拍摄中大有可为

to bring plants alive

它能彰显植物的活力

and film them in the same way that we film animals.

将拍摄动物的方式运用到植物上

Soon, Chris joins the team

那一头放低在英国德文郡僻静的乡村里

in a quiet corner of the Devon countryside

克里斯与摄制团队展开合作

and the robot army begins to take shape.

机器人大军开始成形

After 40 years of filming time-lapse,

我们干延时摄影已有40载

these rigs have opened up a whole new world for us.

这些设备让我们走入了一个新世界

So, it'll be like hovering around something

它能像无人机或直升机

with a drone or helicopter, but in a time-lapse speed.

在某个地方盘旋以固定的速度定时拍摄

The holy grail for us is being able to take this technology

我们十分期待的是将来能把这项技术应用到野外

out into the wild, try and get the same sorts of dynamic moves

能在世界上一些极端环境中实地操作

in some of the most extreme environments in the world.

实现相同的拍摄效果

So, what we needed to do

所以接下来

was to develop this technology even further.

我们还会进一步发展这项技术

Six months later, the Triffid is born...

6个月后三脚树诞生了

..and with slight trepidation, they hand me the controls.

他们忐忑不安地把遥控器交给了我

That makes it go away.

按这里让镜头推远

And this makes it come back.

按这里让镜头拉近

And this sends it up.

按这个镜头会抬高

I think I'd better hand it over to the experts.

我还是把它交给专家吧

Now it's time to put this new member of the team

现在我们要验证一下

properly through its paces.

这位新成员的性能是否令人满意

The aim here is for Ollie to find a target, aim for it

摄影师要锁定一个拍摄目标

and fly through it, as if he is a tiny fly

镜头往前推进就好比一只小苍蝇

going through a hole in a leaf.

穿过树叶上的洞

Easier said than done.

说起来容易做起来难

Oops! I'm trying to find a target.

我正在寻找拍摄对象

Whether the kit's going to stand up to that sort of use

我们在拍摄时

and the abuse that we throw at most pieces of kit

拍摄时机器会超负荷工作能否经受住考验

has yet to be seen.

还有待观察

In the studio, it seems to be working pretty well.

不过它在摄影棚里工作状态良好

But this is only a dress rehearsal.

这仅仅是一次彩排

It's time for the Triffid to face the challenges

现在三脚树将要面对

of the Costa Rican rainforest,

哥斯达黎加的茂密雨林

and leafcutter ants.

和切叶蚁大军的挑战

We want to film their journey all the way

我们要拍摄切叶蚁的行进过程

down the trunk and along this buttress root

从树干一路向下到根部

and down to their nest.

再一直到它们的巢穴

The team and the Triffid need several days

这段镜头需要摄制团队和三脚树

of dry weather,

在干燥环境下拍摄几天

but a storm can hit at any moment...

但是暴风雨随时可能来袭

..and rain is one thing the Triffid does not like.

三脚树可不喜欢在雨天工作

The conditions that we're working in now

我们现在的工作环境

are a little bit more challenging than the studio.

比在摄影棚里更加棘手

All the ground is really bumpy.

地面到处都崎岖不平

We've got loads of plants in the way.

数不清的植物挡住了我们的去路

I know we're making a series about plants,

我知道这是一部关于植物的系列片

but sometimes they're a complete pain in the neck!

但它们太碍事了

The Triffid needs to be programmed

三脚树需要经过编程

to capture images from 7,000 different camera positions

才能沿着切叶蚁的行踪

on the ants' trail.

以7000个不同的机位捕捉图像

Just one drop of rain on the lens,

只要有一滴雨水落在镜头上

or a wobble,

或稍微晃动一下

and the whole process will have to start again.

整个过程就得重新开始

I think this is when we're going to find out

现在我们可以知道

if our ambition outweighs our ability.

对这项技术的尝试是不是好高骛远

For the crew, the ambition is certainly high.

拍摄团队自然是雄心勃勃

Fortunately, it's all down to the Triffid now.

一切都取决于三脚树的表现了

We've been filming the ants with the Triffid

8天来我们一直在使用三脚树

for eight days now, and we're on our third set-up.

拍摄切叶蚁现在是第三次实施架设

It's pretty slow going.

进展相当缓慢

While the Triffid seems to be handling the pressure well,

虽然三脚树看起来对压力应付的游刃有余

for the crew, trying to take a tree's-eye view of ants

但对拍摄团队来说从树的视角观察切叶蚁

is turning into a bit of a nightmare.

是一种前熬

Wake up, film ants, go to sleep, dream of ants.

每天醒来拍蚂蚁睡觉

Wake up, film ants, sleep, dream of ants.

梦见蚂蚁醒来拍蚂蚁睡觉

Wake up, film ants,

梦见蚂蚁醒来拍蚂蚁

go to sleep, dream of ants.

睡觉梦见蚂蚁

After two weeks in the jungle,

在雨林里忙碌两周之后

ambition and ability finally come together,

至少就“三脚树”而言

for the Triffid, at least.

工作成果圆满实现了预期

Thousands of individual images

上千幅的独立图像

creating a single extraordinary time-lapse...

整合成了一段精彩纷呈的延时摄影场景

..one that follows a river of leaves

在这个独特的视角下

across the jungle floor from a unique perspective.

树叶像小河一般穿过森林地面

For the Triffid, this was just the beginning.

对三脚树来说它的表现才刚刚开始

Take a bow, Triffid.

鞠躬致意三脚树

Next time on The Green Planet...

绿色星球下一集是

..the wonder of water worlds...

水生世界

where plants hunt...

植物捕猎场景..

go on the move... ..fight...

战斗将继续展开..

..and create the air we breathe.

植物创造了供我们呼吸的氧气

The Open University have produced a poster

公益机构制作了一张海报

that explores the vital role that plants have for our planet.

探索植物对地球的重要作用

To order your free copy, call...

如需订阅免费副本，请致电...

..or go to...

或者

..and follow the links to The Open University.

去访问公益机构的网页链接

绿色星球 The Green Planet 第1集: 雨林天地 The Green Planet： Tropical Worlds

台词